De ce nicio companie româneasca nu are un contract direct de achiziţie gaze cu Gazpromul?
Niciun Guvern, Minister sau companiei românească nu a reuşit în ultimii 14 ani, abordarea importului gazelor printr-un contract direct cu Gazprrom şi probabil nu se va întâmpla nici în următorii ani. Această situaţie este cauzată exclusiv de oficilităţilor române, care, în anul 2000, au „fabricat” ruperea convenţilor existente între România şi Rusia şi au dat curs liber intermediarilor şi creşterii preţului gazelor de import în România.
La 25 octombrie 1996 s-a încheiat la Moscova, Convenţia între Guvernul României şi Guvernul Federaţiei Ruse privind extinderea capacităţilor conductelor de tranzit gaze pe teritoriul României pentru creşterea livrărilor de gaze naturale din Federaţia Rusă în terţe ţări şi în România, aprobată prin HG 1369/1996.
Prin HG 1369/1996 « Regia Autonomă a Gazelor Naturale “Romgaz” Medias va întreprinde măsurile necesare pentru aducerea la îndeplinire a prevederilor Convenţiei între Guvernul României şi Guvernul Federaţiei Ruse ».
Convenţia între Guvernul României şi Guvernul Federaţiei Ruse stabilea căteva măsuri efective :
– „Partea rusă va asigura condiţiile pentru livrările de gaze naturale din Federaţia Rusa în România, partea română va asigura condiţiile de tranzit pe teritoriul României
– „crearea unei societăţi pe acţiuni “Romgaz” – R.A. şi RAO “Gazprom” în România, în conformitate cu legislaţia romana, al carei obiect de activitate va fi cumpărarea gazelor naturale rusesti şi vînzarea lor ulterioara consumatorilor diferitelor sectoare economice din România”.
Preţul gazelor din Federaţia Rusă era coborât până în anul 2000 urmare a dublei mize din contractul existent: interesul românilor de a avea gaze ieftine şi cel al rusţilor de a avea tarife mici de transport pe teritoriul României.
Cel mai important aspect al convenţiei era stabilirea unei corelaţii între activitatea de tranzit a gazelor pe teritoriul României şi activitatea de import gaze, inclusiv sub aspectul negocierii preţurilor gazelor de import şi a negocierii tarifelor de transport. Acest aspect aducea o creştere a puterii de negociere a preţului gazelor importate, fapt sesizat de către celelalte ţări din jurul României, care au menţinut convenţile şi aceste corelaţii. Acest avantaj a fost jucat în repetate rânduri de Ucraina, care a reuşit să obţină preţuri mai avantajoase la gazele naturale importate, la momentele când intenţiona să crească tarifele de tranzit a gazelor prin această ţară.
Convenţia stabilea « Părţile recunosc ca, pentru realizarea colaborării prevăzute în prezenta convenţie, sînt responsabile următoarele organizaţii: din partea română – “Romgaz” – R.A. şi din partea rusă – RAO “Gazprom” şi “În cazul reorganizării “Romgaz” – R.A. şi/sau a RAO “Gazprom”, părţile vor stabili succesorii de drept care vor asigura îndeplinirea integrală a contractelor şi a acordurilor semnate în conformitate cu prezenta convenţie.”
Urmarea reorganizării prin divizare a fostei SNGN Romgaz S.A., aprobata prin HG nr. 334/2000, Romgaz se desfiinţează şi:
„se infiinţează următoarele societăţi comerciale:
a) Societatea Naţională de Transport Gaze Naturale “Transgaz” – S.A;
b) Societatea Comercială de Explorare şi Producţie a Gazelor Naturale “Exprogaz” – S.A;
c) Societatea Comercială de Distribuţie a Gazelor Naturale “Distrigaz Nord” – S.A;
d) Societatea Comercială de Distribuţie a Gazelor Naturale “Distrigaz Sud” – S.A;
e) Societatea Naţională de Depozitare Subterană a Gazelor Naturale “Depogaz”,
În urma desfiinţării ROMGAZ în anul 2000, Guvernul României trebuia să numească societate care să înfăptuiască măsurile stabilite prin Convenţie : numirea unei societăţi ca succesoare de drept a ROMGAZ., care să realizeze elementele convenite : importul de gaze direct de la GAZPROM şi realizarea unei societăţi mixte cu capital român şi rusesc care să lucreze ca intermediar pe piaţa din România.
Renunţarea la importul direct din Federaţia Rusă a fost premeditată de către oficialii români în anul 2000.
Această omisiune a fost una premeditată deoarece, Guvernul (Guvernenele) a stabilit succesoare pentru unele părţi din Convenţie prin :
– HG 479/2000 a numit TRANSGAZ, ca fiind societatea care va «continua colaborarea prevăzută în cadrul Convenţiei privind construirea unei conducte pe teritoriul Republicii Socialiste România pentru tranzitarea de gaze din Uniunea Republicilor Socialiste Sovietice în Republica Bulgaria »
– HG 656/2001 a numit TRANSGAZ, ca fiind societatea care va „întreprinde măsurile necesare pentru aducerea la îndeplinire a prevederilor convenţiei ”, respectiv privind continuarea colaborării cu GAZPROM privind tranzitul de gaze.
Renunţarea la importul direct din Federaţia Rusă de către o companiei de stat s-a făcut cu scopul de a prelua acest contract de o firmă privată din România.
Modificările legislative româneşti, realizate în anul 2000, au fost de aşa natură încât să permită transferul contractelor de import gaze cu GAZPROMUL de la ROMGAZ la o altă firmă privată. Faptele au făcut ca GAZPROMUL să joace o carte mai inteligentă şi să determine impunerea pe piaţa din România nu a intermediarului dorit de români (băieţii deştepţi), ci a celor doriţi de el.
România a fost singura ţară din Europa de Est care a rupt (din proprie iniţiativă) corelaţia preţ gaze de import – tarif de tranzit, care permitea obţinerea de preţuri mici la gazele importate şi a permis accesul intermediarilor.
Astfel, pentru o perioadă de 30 de ani capacităţile de import gaze în România, la nivelul celor convenite în Convenţia dintre GAZPROM şi ROMGAZ din anul 1996, sunt contractate de două firme cu capital rusesc:
– Wintershall Elveţia, cu capital Gazprom, cu scopul de a furniza gaze naturale ruseşti în ţări din Europa.
– Imex Oil este deţinută de firma Conef, care este controlată de Vimerco, acţionarul majoritar al producătorului de aluminiu Alro Slatina.
Distrugerea relaţionării preţului gazelor importate şi gazele tranzitate prin România, a determinat suprapreţuri la gazele din import în ultimii 14 ani.
sursa: adevarul.ro
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