MAFIA si MAFIOTII
Decontarea de cheltuieli în baza unor facturi false, majorări ilegale
de salarii, achiziţia unui SUV Nissan Juke de 20.000 de euro şi
a unui Mercedes de 42.000 de euro în cadrul unor proiecte de training
pentru şomeri şi manageri, servicii de pază pentru
clădiri în care nu se întâmplă nimic – acestea sunt doar câteva
dintre neregulile constatate în instituţiile publice de către
auditorii Curţii de Conturi, scrie zf.ro.
În 2013, auditorii Curţii de Conturi au verificat activitatea din
2012 a peste 2.000 de instituţii publice, iar rezultatele finale ale
raportului au fost publicate în această lună.
Abaterile financiar-contabile identificate anul trecut în rândul
instituţiilor publice au fost estimate la circa 6,2 miliarde de euro,
potrivit raportului de peste 400 de pagini. Majoritatea neregulilor
provin din erori de înregistrare în evidenţele contabile şi,
deşi constatările Curţii de Conturi arată că
problemele identificate nu au generat venituri suplimentare sau
prejudicii în anul analizat (2012), pe termen mediu şi lung acestea
pot conduce la pierderi de patrimoniu, lipsa unor venituri importante la
bugetele publice sau chiar acte de corupţie.
„Achiziţiile publice reprezintă circa 15 miliarde de euro anual,
iar rapoartele noastre indică faptul că în unele cazuri valoarea
bunurilor şi serviciilor achiziţionate este de 3 – 4 ori mai
mare decât cea la nivelul pieţei. Doar din această
diferenţă de preţ, estimăm noi, cu 20% mai mare decât
preţul pieţei, rezultă că frauda din achiziţii
publice este de 3 miliarde de euro“, a explicat Adrian Moraru, directorul
adjunct al Institutului pentru Politici Publice (IPP). El a mai explicat
că IPP a ajuns la această concluzie după ce a realizat o
cercetare, pe un eşantion care a cuprins anumite categorii de bunuri
şi servicii contractate de instituţiile publice (de la hârtie
până la servicii de curăţenie), de unde a rezultat
această diferenţă de preţ.
„Pe lângă frauda care provine din diferenţa de preţuri de
la achiziţiile publice, cheltuielile mici şi multe, dar
aberante, pe sisteme informatice care nu sunt folosite, pe traininguri
sau alte aspecte legate de personal, înseamnă o pagubă
anuală de cel puţin 5 – 6 miliarde de euro la bugetul de stat.
Dacă aveam aceşti bani, nu mai era necesar împrumutul de la
FMI“, a adăugat Adrian Moraru, de la Institutul pentru Politici
Publice.
Cele mai frecvente nereguli constatate de Curtea de Conturi au vizat
efectuarea unor plăţi pentru lucrări inexistente (la
Ministerul Sănătăţii, de exemplu) sau plăţi
ilegale (un contract de cercetare de peste 140.000 de euro la Ministerul
Muncii), precum şi modul în care ministerele îşi utilizează
imobilele pe care le au în gestiune. O situaţie interesantă din
acest punct de vedere o reprezintă baza sportivă
Cutezătorii, care a fost cedată temporar Fundaţiei Dinu
Pescariu şi în care în prezent se desfăşoară
activităţi comerciale. Auditorii au constatat că, pe
lângă faptul că este ilegal contractul dintre minister şi
fundaţie, statul primeşte anual de la această bază
sportivă un venit de doar 108.000 de euro pe an, în timp ce
potenţialul său real este de 11,6 milioane de euro pe an.
Contactat de ZF, Dinu Pescariu, care deţine celebrul complex sportiv
Pescariu Sports & Spa, cu venituri de 2,2 milioane de euro în 2012, nu a
comentat pe marginea acestui subiect.
O altă serie de nereguli au fost constatate în ceea ce priveşte
majorările salariale, considerate ilegale (având în vedere că
salariile de la stat au fost îngheţate în 2012). La Ministerul
Comunicaţiilor, de exemplu, s-au majorat ilegal salariile de
bază pentru o parte din angajaţi, iar la Ministerul Afacerilor
Externe s-au păstrat sporuri pentru limbi străine rare, care nu
ar fi trebuit să existe (erau eliminate de mai bine de 2 ani).
De asemenea, la o unitate din Hunedoara aflată în subordinea
Inspecţiei Muncii (Centrul de Monitorizare a Unităţilor cu
Risc Profesional Cricior) auditorii au constatat o fraudă de peste
10.000 de euro, prin decontarea unor cheltuieli cu cazarea în baza unor
facturi false sau nereale şi decontarea unor indemnizaţii de
delegare/deplasare peste limita legală.
Iar neregulile nu s-au limitat doar la erori contabile. De exemplu, în
cadrul unor proiecte cu finanţare europeană prin POSDRU,
pentru 25 de persoane, numărul orelor decontate pe proiecte
depăşeşte media de 12 ore pe zi de muncă, iar pentru
unele persoane chiar 22- 24 de ore pe zi.
Şi situaţiile potenţiale de conflicte de interese au fost
la ordinea zilei, mai ales în utilizarea banilor europeni. În cazul unui
proiect finanţat prin POSCCE, de exemplu, care avea ca scop
dezvoltarea unui laborator de cercetare pentru industria auto, un
contract de achiziţie a fost atribuit unei companii deţinute de
un membru din echipa de proiect a laboratorului.
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