Der Spiegel: care sunt consecinţele deciziei Curţii Constituţionale din Germania asupra planului de salvare a zonei euro
Hotărârea luată săptămâna trecută de Curtea Constituţională din Germania asupra mecanismului european de stabilitate (ESM) marchează înrăutăţirea crizei de guvernare a Europei, care are potenţialul de a obliga Germania să se retragă din zona euro. Conflictul dintre politicile Băncii Centrale Europene şi cele ale Germaniei scoate în evidenţă incompatibilitatea între legea federală germană şi „umbrela de salvare” a Europei.
Decizia emisă de Instanţa Supremă agravează confruntarea între Germania şi Banca Centrală Europeană (BCE) privind metodele de a rezolva criza datoriilor care afectează mai ales sudul Europei, notează cotidianul britanic „The Guardian”, citând o analiză a publicaţiei germane „Der Spiegel”.
Nu este nimic mai mult decât o bătălie finală cu strategia de gestionare a crizelor propusă de BCE. Justiţia din Germania insistă că textul Constituţiei germane limitează strategia de criză a BCE. În cel mai rău caz, Curtea ar putea interzice puterii de la Berlin să mai contribuie la eforturile de salvare a monedei euro sau chiar să renunţe complet la această monedă, notează „Der Spiegel”.
Acest avertisment a început să circule după ce mai mulţi analişti economici au descoperit o serie de consecinţe nemulţumitoare ale utilizării „umbrelei de salvare”, aşa cum mai este numit ESM, deşi iniţial a fost considerată o soluţie pentru a cumpăra obligaţiuni guvernamentale.
Instituţiile germane au pus la îndoială faptul că „relaxarea cantitativă” (infuzia de capital) este posibilă în climatul politic actual, marcat de volatilitate şi de tensiune. Însă nu este foarte clar cum ar putea răspunde Europa la deflaţia iminentă.
„O bancă centrală trebuie să aibă posibilităţi nelimitate pentru a conduce politicile monetare”, a declarat Marcel Fratscher, conducătorul Institutului German pentru Cercetări Economice. „Dacă prerogativele sale (băncii centrale) sunt limitate, îi este subminată credibilitatea. Decizia Curţii (Constituţionale a Germaniei) a creat incertitudine”, a adăugat expertul german.
Olli Rehn, comisarul european pentru Afaceri Economice, a declarat în cadrul unui forum în Frankfurt, organizat de agenţia Reuters, că decizia instanţei germane nu schimbă foarte mult situaţia. „BCE mai are, cu siguranţă, bazooka sa (aruncător de grenade) şi suficientă muniţie. În opinia mea, BCE a acţionat conform mandatului ei”, a spus oficialul european.
La polul opus a fost reacţia euroscepticilor, care au primit cu entuziasm decizia Curţii Constituţionale. „Într-un final, o instanţă a descoperit că programul de cumpărare a obligaţiunilor guvernamentale de către BCE este o încălcare evidentă a legislaţiei europene”, a spus profesorul german Bernd Lucke, liderul partidului antieuro Alternativa pentru Germania.
„Karlsruhe (oraşul unde se află sediul instanţei constituţionale germane) i-a arătat lui Mario Draghi, preşedintele BCE, ce înseamnă o bazooka”, a declarat Peter Gaulweiler, parlamentarul care a depus petiţia ce a condus la decizia finală a instanţei. Alături de alţi colegi post-comunişti din Partidul Stângii (Die Linke) şi cei 12.000 de semnatari ai acţiunii civice intitulată „Mai multă democraţie“ („Mehr Demokratie“), Gaulweiler a stopat procesul decizional votat de către parlament, necesar pentru continuarea măsurilor de depăşire a crizei în care se află Uniunea Europeană.
Politicianul a argumentat în petiţie că intenţia anunţată a Băncii Centrale Europeane, de a achiziţiona cantităţi nelimitate de obligaţiuni guvernamentale ale statelor din zona euro aflate în dificultate, creşte riscul financiar al contribuabililor, ceea ce ar putea declanşa un faliment al Germaniei dacă ţările vizate nu-şi vor putea achita datoriile.
sursa: adevarul.ro
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